向楠治疗亚急性甲状腺炎经验

向楠教授系湖北中医药大学二级教授、主任医师、博士生导师,湖北中医名师、首届湖北省中青年知名中医、武汉中青年中医名医,培养学术继承人及硕士、博士等50余名,从事中医临床、教学、科研工作30余载,擅长应用中医药防治内分泌及代谢性疾病。余有幸跟师学习,受益颇深,现将其治疗亚急性甲状腺炎的经验总结于下,与同道共享。     

A case of nodal marginal zone lymphoma with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites as initial symptom

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) refers to skin reactions such as bullae and necrosis, which occurs after being bitten by mosquitoes and can present with multiple systemic reactions such as fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly simultaneously or subsequently. A 48‐year‐old male patient presented with recurrent erythema, nodules, papules, vesicles and bullae over upper body and bilateral limbs with itching over the sites of mosquito bite for more than 1 year with low‐grade fever and superficial lymph nodes enlargement. The patient's symptoms failed to improve from conventional anti allergic treatment although skin biopsy showed changes of HMB reaction. Subsequently, the lymph node was biopsied and was reported to be nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL), and then the patient was eventually diagnosed with nodal marginal zone lymphoma with HMB. To date only one case of nodal marginal zone lymphoma with HMB has been reported from Korea, and this is the first case to be reported in China.     

肥胖儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的临床特征

目的 研究肥胖儿童合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（obstructive sleep apnea，OSA）的临床特征。 方法 对在深圳市儿童医院呼吸科行多导睡眠监测的肥胖并诊断为OSA的33例7~15岁儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并选取50例体重正常的、性别及年龄相匹配的OSA患儿作为对照组。 结果 33例合并肥胖的OSA儿童中，常见的日间症状前3位为：注意力不集中30例（91%），嗜睡22例（67%），晨起疲劳21例（64%）；夜间症状前3位为：打鼾27例（82%），张口呼吸20例（61%），出汗16例（48%）。与正常儿童参考值相比，肥胖OSA组和对照组两组患儿浅睡眠延长，深睡眠缩短，快速动眼期明显缩短，但两组之间这些指标的比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组比较，肥胖OSA组呼吸暂停低通气指数和阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数均显著增加（P<0.05）；快速动眼期及非快速动眼期氧减指数均显著增加（P<0.05）；肥胖OSA组睡眠期间最低血氧饱和度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论 肥胖合并OSA儿童临床日间症状以注意力不集中、嗜睡、晨起疲劳为主，夜间症状以打鼾、张口呼吸、出汗为主。与体重正常OSA患儿相比，肥胖合并OSA儿童的睡眠结构无明显差别，但呼吸事件及血氧饱和度下降更严重。 引用格式:     

Proxalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Primary analysis of a multicenter,randomized, open-label,phase 2 trial

We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of proxalutamide, a novel androgen receptor antagonist, for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. In our study, the enrolled mCRPC patients were randomized to 100, 200 and 300 mg dose groups at 1:1:1. The primary efficacy endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. The secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and time to PSA and radiographic progression. Safety and pharmacokinetics were also assessed. Finally, there were 108 patients from 17 centers being enrolled. By week 16, there were 13 (35.1%), 12 (36.4%) and 15 (42.9%) patients with confirmed 50% or greater PSA decline in 100 mg (n = 37), 200 mg (n = 33) and 300 mg (n = 35) groups, respectively. Among the 19 patients with target lesions at study entry, three (15.8%) had a partial response and 12 (63.2%) had stable disease. The ORRs of 20.0%, 22.2%, 0% and DCRs of 80.0%, 88.9%, 60.0% were, respectively, achieved in 100, 200 and 300 mg groups. By the maximum follow-up time of 24 weeks, there were 42.6% and 10.2% of cases experiencing PSA progression and radiographic progression, respectively. Overall, adverse events (AEs) were experienced by 94.4% of patients, most of which were mild or moderate. There were 28 patients experiencing ≥grade 3 AEs. The most common AEs were fatigue (17.6%), anemia (14.8%), elevated AST (14.8%) and ALT (13.0%), decreased appetite (13.0%). These findings preliminarily showed the promising antitumor activity of proxalutamide in patients with mCRPC with a manageable safety profile. The proxalutamide dose of 200 mg daily is recommended for future phase 3 trial (Clinical trial registration no. CTR20170177).     

现实主义综述在护理领域的应用进展

介绍现实主义综述的定义、哲学基础和实施步骤，以及该方法学在护理领域的研究范围、应用现状及优势和不足，旨在提高护理研究者对现实主义综述的认识，为开展现实主义的护理相关研究提供思路。     

住院癌症患者衰弱风险预测模型的构建与验证

目的 调查住院癌症患者发生衰弱的危险因素，构建风险预测模型并检验预测效果。方法 选取广州市2所三级甲等医院住院癌症患者570例，分为建模集422例和验证集148例。采用一般资料调查表、Fried衰弱表型、安德森症状评估量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、中文版失志量表、营养风险筛查2002、Barthel指数量表进行调查，同期收集患者的白细胞介素-6、C-反应蛋白等实验室指标，应用logistic回归分析筛选衰弱的独立危险因素，构建风险预测模型。结果 住院癌症患者衰弱发生率为33.7%,衰弱的影响因素分别为：造口、营养状况、抑郁、神经心理症状群、消化道症状群、D-二聚体、白细胞介素-6。建模集和验证集ROC曲线下面积为0.788、0.735;Brier得分为0.205,校准斜率为0.625,决策曲线分析表明模型具有一定的临床可用性。结论 住院癌症患者衰弱发生率较高，构建的列线图预测模型具有较好的风险预测价值，可有效识别和筛选住院癌症衰弱高危人群。     

儿童塑型性支气管炎的预后

塑型性支气管炎临床表现多种多样,病情轻重不一。病变广泛者往往出现危及生命的表现,其远期并发症和后遗症与原发病的严重程度、治疗方式、治疗时间是否及时等多个因素有关。早发现、早治疗是改善预后的重要因素之一。     

Exploration of the relationship between tumor mutation burden and immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma

Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was correlated with the immunotherapeutic response in various malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the TMB immune signature in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD).Methods: Gene expression profile, mutation and clinical data of COAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The samples were divided into high and low TMB level groups to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichments analyzes were performed to identify the biological functions of the DEGs. Then, immune cell infiltration signatures were calculated by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to estimate the prognostic value of the identified immune-related genes.Results: Gene set enrichment analysis in the high-TMB level group showed that DEGS were enriched in immune-related pathways, such as antigen processing and presentation, Toll-like receptor signaling and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A higher infiltration level of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, activated NK cells , M1 Macrophages and T follicular helper cells was observed in the high-TMB level group. Furthermore, a Cox regression model combined with survival analysis based on the expression level of four identified prognostic genes was constructed, validated anf revealed that higher risk-score levels conferred poor survival outcomes in COAD patients.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the high TMB levels are associated with an immune signature in COAD and deepen the molecular understanding of TMB function in tumor immunotherapy.     

Parental death by external causes and risk of hospital-treated deliberate self-harm in bereaved offspring

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Previous studies have reported an increased risk of hospital-treated deliberate self-harm (DSH) in offspring who have lost a parent, but inconclusive...